HOW CAN DATA BE USED EFFECTIVELY?
如何讓資料能夠更有效使用？
In any organization, those who possess information typically exercise a degree of power or control over those who don't. How information is to be used will affect how data-collection initiatives are perceived and then implemented.
在任何一個組織中，擁有訊息的人們通常行使著一定程度的權力，或者控制著沒有訊息的人們，如何使用資料將影響著如何覺察資料收集的措施並且實施。
Data can be used to judge people's performance and take punitive action against underachievers, or it can be used to diagnose problems and determine the efficacy of solutions.
資料能用來判斷人們的表現，以及對未達目標者予以懲戒，或者資料也可以用來診斷問題及確定解決方案的成效。
Principals' "willingness to provide opportunities for information acquisition...may be tempered by their competitive notions of power which only impede the empowerment of teachers" (Peggy Kirby and Ira Bogotch 1989).
校長 “有意願去提供收集資訊的機會...也許被他們阻礙教師賦權之權力的競爭想法所調合。
The concept of continuous improvement should be stressed. "Each data-collection cycle and its results should not be thought of as an activity with a grade...it should be thought of as information on the progress being made toward attaining the collective goal and to assist all members of the organization as they make decisions for current and future action," states Calhoun.
應該要強調持續改進的概念，各個資料收集的循環及它的結果不應該被認為是同一階段的活動…它應該被認為是朝向達成集體目標過程之資訊，並且協助組織的所有成員，當他們為當前或未來行動作出決定之時
Choosing a specific area of focus is also crucial. Through consultation with other staff members, whether formally or informally, the researcher needs to select a well-defined set of objectives. The data-collection cycle and subsequent action steps should be designed to address these needs. When goals of the improvement effort are clearly defined, teachers, staff, and the community will be more likely to understand and support the initiative.
選擇中心點的一個特定領域也是十分重要的，透過與其他工作成員協商，無論是正式或是非正式地，研究者需要選擇一組定義良好的目標。應該要設計資料收集循環及隨後的行動步驟來滿足這些需求，當改進成果的目標清楚地被定義，教師、教職員及社區會更容易理解和支持其措施。
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