School-based management (SBM) is an alternative to the typical pattern of school district governance that centralizes authority in the district office. As John Lindelow and James Heynderickx (forthcoming) define it, SBM "is a system of administration in which the school is the primary unit of educational decision-making." Responsibility for certain decisions about the budget, personnel, and the curriculum is placed at the school level rather than the district level, thereby giving especially principals but also teachers, students, and parents greater control over the educational process.
學校本位管理有別於集中權力由教育主管機關治理的典型模式，學者約翰及詹姆斯認為學校本位管理是以學校為最主要單位而進行決策的一種行政管理系統。而學校要負責一些重要的決定，像是預算、人事及課程，都是以學校的層級作為主體而非學區層級，因此特別是校長，還有教師、學生及家長都能一同為教育的歷程把關。
WHAT ARE SOME OF THE ADVANTAGES OF SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT?
學校本位管理有哪些優點？
A task force convened by the American Association of School Administrators, the National Association of Elementary School Principals, and the National Association of Secondary School Principals (1988) identified nine advantages, several of which are listed below. School-based management * formally recognizes the expertise and competence of those who work in individual schools to make decisions to improve learning * gives teachers, other staff members, and the community increased input into decisions * improves morale of teachers * focuses accountability for decisions * brings both financial and instructional resources in line with the instructional goals developed in each school * nurtures and stimulates new leaders at all levels * increases both the quantity and the quality of communication Each school's flexibility to meet the needs of its students leads to greater creativity in the design of programs.
由美國學校管理者協會、全國小學校長協會及全國中學校長協會於1988年共同確立了九項有關校本管理的優點，其中一些要點如下：
正式承認學校決策者的專業知識及工作能力能促進學習。
讓教師及其他行政人員和社區人士投入決定。
提高教師的士氣。
著重在決策上的績效。
依各校的所要發展的教學目標來投入資金及教學資源。
培育及刺激在各級學校的領導者。
增加溝通質與量。
每所學校的彈性能符合學生的需求，在課程的設計上能產生更大的創造力。
Budgeting also becomes markedly more realistic. Lindelow and Heynderickx state that schools no longer need to lobby with the central office for funds. Instead of requesting more money than is needed (with the hope of receiving a lesser amount that is sufficient to meet needs), schools receive a "lump sum," based on a formula, that they can spend as they see fit. Parents and teachers become more aware of the cost of programs, the school's financial status, and its spending limitations.
預算也變得更為透明且實際，學者認為學校不再需要向中央辦公室尋求大量的資金補助，而是有多少需求拿多少錢，學校會得到一個基於公式所運算出來，他們所可以花費且認為合宜的預算總額。家長和教師將會更加意識到學校的成本花費及財務狀況，還有開支的限制。
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